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Technical Papers Library

Browse the library of technical papers authored by Hydro International's water experts for information on stormwater, wastewater and combined sewer overflow research. 

For papers about best management practices for the water industry, browse Hydro's White Papers Library located in the Press Centre.

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file icon Weedon Flood Storage Scheme - the Biggest Hydro-Brake in the Worldhot! 03/17/2004
Authors
G P BOAKES, A STEPHENSON, J B LOWES, A C MORISON, A T USBORNE
Abstract
The Northamptonshire villages around Weedon in the upper River Nene valley, suffered disastrous flooding in 1947, 1992 and 1998, with Weedon Bec being particularly badly affected. The channel through the village is constricted by historic developments and the opportunity to enlarge the channels was not available. Restricted culverts under the railway embankments downstream compounded the flood situation.

To alleviate the problem the Environment Agency and Halcrow Group developed an upstream on-line storage reservoir scheme. The project includes a 450m long, 6.8m high clay embankment across the valley, with a culvert on the line of the original river channel to carry the controlled outflow. A 150m long concrete-block spillway carries excess flood flows over the embankment. The embankment site has been landscaped to minimise visual impacts and the borrow area has been developed into a large wetland area as a habitat for aquatic flora and fauna.

The key component of the flow control system is a 6.5 tonne, stainless steel Hydro-Brake

file icon Providing Engineered Solutions to the Challenges of SuDShot! 06/17/2004
Author
Mr Alex Stephenson
Abstract
A novel integrated system providing hard engineered solutions to SuDS, Source Control and Rainwater re-use is described. The system is made up of four key facets; a flow control / attenuation element (Hydro-Brake
file icon Experimental investigation into solids re-entrainment in hydrodynamic vortex separatorshot! 06/17/2004
Authors
Dr D A Phipps, Dr R M Alkhaddar, Mr James Dodd, Dr M G Faram, Professor R Y G Andoh and Miss Cathryn Roberts
Abstract
Hydrodynamic Vortex Separators (HDVS) are used for removing solids from stormwater before discharge into watercourses and for Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) and wastewater treatment. Their internal geometry generates flow patterns which promote solids separation and deposition in a hopper at the base. This study examines re-entrainment of captured solids at a range of flow rates, for four separator configurations. Dye-tracer experiments for one configuration have shown that the hopper region is a slow mixing zone (SMZ), with the rate of mixing and interchange with the main body of flow depending on overall flow rate. With the hopper part filled, dye tests showed minimal mixing of interstitially held water; supporting the view that removal of solids will occur only from the top of the bed. The onset and extent of reentrainment occurring when the hopper was full of sediment was found to depend on the configuration, with a general increase in its occurrence with increasing flows. The study highlights the importance of providing isolated zones for sediment collection and adequate shielding of the collected sediment.
file icon Assessment of modular block stormwater storage systemshot! 06/17/2004
Authors
file icon Evaluation of different configurations of stormwater treatment chambershot! 07/28/2004
Authors
David A. Phipps, PhD, Rafid M. Alkhaddar, PhD, James Dodd, Michael G. Faram, PhD, Pamela J. Deahl, P.E.
Abstract
With the objective of reducing the polluting impact of urban run-off on receiving watercourses, various proprietary treatment technologies have evolved, including ‘flow-through’ devices that are designed to intercept and store pollutants such as sediments and floatables for later removal and safe disposal. Frequently, the performance of chambers is stated in terms of ‘ability to remove pollutants from the inflow’, often at discrete flowrates. However, a parameter that is often overlooked is chamber ‘retention efficiency’, the ability of chambers to retain stored pollutants once collected. The paper presents the findings of both simulation and experimental studies of different designs of treatment chamber, focussing in particular on the ‘retention efficiency’ parameter. It is concluded that chambers in which the pollutants storage region is isolated from the main treatment area are likely to be most effective.
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