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Technical Papers Library

Browse the library of technical papers authored by Hydro International's water experts for information on stormwater, wastewater and combined sewer overflow research. 

For papers about best management practices for the water industry, browse Hydro's White Papers Library located in the Press Centre.

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file icon A field study of sediments captured by flowthrough stormwater interceptorshot! 06/26/2007
Authors
Michael G. Faram, Kenneth O. Iwugo and Robert Y. G. Andoh
Abstract
Sediment entrained in urban run-off is acknowledged as being an important carrier of pollutants. The paper reports on the physical and chemical characteristics of sediments captured by six installations of a proprietary interceptor device. The sites, located in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, were selected to represent a range of urban contexts. Particle D50 values were found to range from 7 to 112 microns, corresponding with ranges reported for stormwater ponds. Heavy metal and hydrocarbon concentrations were also found to vary, with the highest corresponding to the most established and heavily trafficked sites. Further to confirming the ability of the interceptor to remove contaminated sediments, useful insights are provided into the interrelation between sediment characteristics and site conditions.
file icon A Holistic hard and soft SUDS system used in the creation of a Sustainable Urban Village Communityhot! 03/16/2008
Author
A.G.Stephenson

Abstract

The problems surrounding how we deal with stormwater run-off and issues such as drought, flooding and water pollution have been well publicised in recent years fuelled, to great extent, by the growing consciousness of climate change. The summer floods of 2007 throughout the UK also led to the publication of several reports such as Sir Michael Pitt’s Interim Review and the more recent Flooding report from the House of Commons Environment Food and Rural Affairs Committee. DEFRA have also published Future Water, the Government’s water strategy for England and all of these documents have heightened awareness of the benefits of sustainable drainage and the contribution that can be made to reduction of flood risk. There are many methods available and approaches in the SUDS ‘toolbox’ but all too often designers are restricted to ‘soft’ or natural options or what have become known as traditional SUDS, failing to consider some of the innovative proprietary solutions that have been used for many years which have provided very robust, cost effective and reliable answers. This paper will use an interesting case study to demonstrate how these systems have been used in conjunction with traditional SUDS options resulting in a complimentary, holistic solution helping create a whole sustainable community.
file icon A Novel High-Rate Modular Upflow Filtration System for Stormwater Treatmenthot! 05/16/2007
Authors
Robert Andoh, Robert Pitt and Lisa Glennon
Abstract
An advanced novel stormwater filtration system utilizing the upflow mode of filtration as opposed to the conventional down flow or radial flow filtration is described. The technology developed under the US EPA’s Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program, incorporates elements of a treatment train approach including screening, sedimentation and high-rate filtration in a compact modular device designed to treat different classifications of stormwater.

The effectiveness of the technology for high-rate treatment of stormwater has been proven through comprehensive full-scale testing under controlled conditions in the laboratory and under a range of actual storm conditions in the field at a site in Tuscaloosa, Alabama by researchers at the University of Alabama.

This paper describes the technology and work undertaken in its development, exhaustive characterization and the basis for the observed higher filtration rates, extended filter life and reduced media exhaustion and clogging compared with conventional down flow and radial flow filters. Filtration rates and treatment capacities for a range of media types tailored for site specific applications have been undertaken coupled with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to ascertain flow distribution, minimize short circuiting through the filter media and optimize performance.

file icon Affordable Rainwater Harvesting Systems: A Collaborative Research Efforthot! 09/16/2008
Authors
Amos Kabo-Bah, Robert Andoh, Samuel Nii Odai and Kwabena Osei
Abstract
Rainwater Harvesting, a traditional practice in parts of Ghana many centuries ago, has received very little attention in recent times. The paper describes a collaborative research effort aimed at the adaptation and development of affordable technologies for capturing and retaining rainwater runoff including that from roof tops; and using this as a valuable source of water to supplement the water needs of households in Northern Ghana. The project also ultimately seeks to address issues of flooding and erosion caused by the lack of adequate drainage through the effective capturing, retention and controlled release of rainwater. The Project will verify the extent to which adoption of the adapted technologies could help greatly in conserving water resources in the Sahel and other semi-arid regions in developing countries and at the same time helping to alleviate poverty by improving the quality of life of women and children in these regions. The rainwater harvesting systems will be designed and implemented adopting an integrated approach utilizing expertise from a collaborating team comprising engineers, agriculturists, economists, sociologists and a practitioner of rainwater harvesting (and other water conservation technologies). It is envisaged that the systems would enable poor households in the community to supplement their water supply needs as well as engage in small scale backyard gardening; extend their cropping seasons through improved security of water resources, ultimately enhancing food security and contributing to poverty reduction.
file icon An efficiency formula for a hydrodynamic vortex separatorhot! 08/24/2005

Authors

Darrell A. Egarr, Mike Faram, Tim O’Doherty and Nick Syred

Abstract

Hydrodynamic vortex separators (HDVSs) are low energy solid-liquid separation systems. They have been applied for a number of duties including wastewater treatment, combined sewer overflow treatment and storm water treatment. Such systems operate whereby solids settle due to the force of gravity and sufficient residence time for this to take place is provided by the rotary nature of the path of the fluid through the separator. In this study, the HDVS is considered operating without an underflow component which may be the case in practice, for example, where collected solid material is removed on a batch basis.

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