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Stormwater Management

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file icon Assessment of modular block stormwater storage systemshot! 06/17/2004
Authors
file icon UrbanWaterManagement: Innovations and Paradigm Shifts to Address 21st Century Needshot! 05/16/2008
Authors
Robert Y.G. Andoh,Michael G. Faram and Kwabena Osei
Abstract
Globally, the water and wastewater industry faces major challenges, both in developed and developing world regions. The developed world has enjoyed the benefits of the foresight of prior generations, with major strides gained in public health simply from innovations such as the humble sewer which has contributed more to human health than all developments in the medical field. Challenges faced in different regions are diverse in nature, magnitude and scale. Some are local in nature but others such as the impacts of Climate Change are truly global. The paper examines the status and evolution of innovations within urban water management (with particular reference to stormwater management) including impacts of regulation, barriers to innovation, current trends and paradigms. It is argued that there is a need to change the way we approach urban water management challenges, particular if the goal is to achieve more sustainable development in an increasingly urbanizing world.
file icon VERIFICATION OF THE UP-FLOhot! 07/26/2006
Authors
Lisa Glennon, Robert Andoh, Uday Khambhammettu, Robert Pitt, and Shirley Clark
Abstract
Drainage areas such as parking lots, vehicle fueling and maintenance stations, and public works storage areas have been dubbed critical source areas due to the observation that runoff from these areas may contain high pollutant loadings of varying pollutant classifications, including trash and other debris, coarse and fine sediment, hydrocarbons, toxic trace metals, nutrients, pathogens, and/or other toxicants. Typically, various types of treatment are needed to target the different classifications of pollutants for effective stormwater treatment. The Up-Flo™ Filter, a new stormwater treatment technology developed under the EPA’s SBIR program, has been designed to treat different classifications of stormwater pollutants by incorporating multiple elements of a treatment train into a single device. The Up-Flo™ Filter with CPZ Mix™ media has undergone a full-scale field evaluation at a site near the City Hall in Tuscaloosa, AL.
This paper presents results of a comprehensive characterization and performance verification of a full-scale Up-Flo™ Filter unit tested under controlled laboratory conditions at Hydro International’s facility in Portland, ME, and compares the results to the field data collected by the University of Alabama. Further verification work is currently underway at the Pennsylvania State Univeristy in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
The Up-Flo™ Filter with CPZ Mix™ media is shown to be a high-rate filtration device with a relatively high filtration rate per unit surface area of the filtration media. The Up-Flo™ Filter is also capable of TSS removal down to 0.45 – 3 μm range.
file icon Pollutants Washout - The Missing Dimension in Urban Stormwater Treatmenthot! 05/16/2007
Authors
R.Y.G. Andoh1, R.M. Alkhaddar , M.G. Faram and P. Carroll
Abstract
Several configurations of proprietary ‘flow-through’ stormwater treatment devices have evolved to address the need for compact and effective systems that remove sediment and other pollutants from stormwater runoff. Whilst a number of these systems have been the subject of several field monitoring and independent laboratory studies, differences between design methodologies, unit sizes and capacity, test protocols and site conditions in the field have made direct comparisons of results very difficult. Most studies to date have focused mainly on the pollutant removal efficiency (effectiveness) of these systems.

Though removal efficiency is a good indicator of a devices’ effectiveness in terms of separating pollutants from stormwater, particularly under low flow conditions, it does not provide a complete description of device efficacy especially in terms of its ability to retain previously captured pollutants under moderate or high flows. The phenomenon of ‘Washout’ defined as the tendency to re-suspend (re-entrain) and discharge previously captured pollutants is of particular importance in practice as stormwater treatment devices are typically maintained on an infrequent basis.

The paper describes results of work undertaken at Liverpool (JM) University to determine sediment retention performance of different stormwater treatment chamber configurations under controlled laboratory conditions that provides a true comparative assessment using identical testing protocols and methodologies. General conclusions drawn from the results include the observation that the phenomenon of “pollutants washout” from stormwater treatment chambers is very real and must be taken into account in system selection for practical application. The rate of stored pollutants washout was found to be extremely sensitive to chamber design with re-suspension and washout rates ranging from close to zero to close to 100 percent depending on device configuration, nature and type of flow modifying components and whether or not sediments are stored in isolated storage zones.

file icon A field study of sediments captured by flowthrough stormwater interceptorshot! 06/26/2007
Authors
Michael G. Faram, Kenneth O. Iwugo and Robert Y. G. Andoh
Abstract
Sediment entrained in urban run-off is acknowledged as being an important carrier of pollutants. The paper reports on the physical and chemical characteristics of sediments captured by six installations of a proprietary interceptor device. The sites, located in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, were selected to represent a range of urban contexts. Particle D50 values were found to range from 7 to 112 microns, corresponding with ranges reported for stormwater ponds. Heavy metal and hydrocarbon concentrations were also found to vary, with the highest corresponding to the most established and heavily trafficked sites. Further to confirming the ability of the interceptor to remove contaminated sediments, useful insights are provided into the interrelation between sediment characteristics and site conditions.
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