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Stormwater Management

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file icon Treatment of urban run-off using innovative below-ground separation and filtration technologieshot! 09/04/2007
Authors
M.G. Faram, R.Y.G.Andoh
Abstract
The current climate of interest in water-environmental issues and the drive towards ‘sustainable’ practice presents significant technical challenges. In the urban water management arena, while the emphasis in the UK and Europe in recent years has been on implementing ‘best practice’ solutions at the ‘new development’ level, a greater challenge will be in addressing the situation in existing urban infrastructure. The paper discusses the role of below-ground stormwater separation and filtration systems, covering their form, operation and verification. Through reference to a number of evaluation studies, it is demonstrated that these systems can be robust and effective, and can play a role in stormwater quality management, whether used in conjunction with other ‘hard engineered’ structures or with ‘soft’ structures such as ponds. They offer particular opportunities in highly urbanised catchments where space availability is a constraint, or where economic considerations preclude the use of less space-efficient options.
file icon PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEDIMENTS CAPTURED BY FLOW-THROUGH STORMWATER INTERCEPTORShot! 08/16/2007
Authors
Kwabena Osei,
file icon A field study of sediments captured by flowthrough stormwater interceptorshot! 06/26/2007
Authors
Michael G. Faram, Kenneth O. Iwugo and Robert Y. G. Andoh
Abstract
Sediment entrained in urban run-off is acknowledged as being an important carrier of pollutants. The paper reports on the physical and chemical characteristics of sediments captured by six installations of a proprietary interceptor device. The sites, located in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, were selected to represent a range of urban contexts. Particle D50 values were found to range from 7 to 112 microns, corresponding with ranges reported for stormwater ponds. Heavy metal and hydrocarbon concentrations were also found to vary, with the highest corresponding to the most established and heavily trafficked sites. Further to confirming the ability of the interceptor to remove contaminated sediments, useful insights are provided into the interrelation between sediment characteristics and site conditions.
file icon Pollutants Washout - The Missing Dimension in Urban Stormwater Treatmenthot! 05/16/2007
Authors
R.Y.G. Andoh1, R.M. Alkhaddar , M.G. Faram and P. Carroll
Abstract
Several configurations of proprietary ‘flow-through’ stormwater treatment devices have evolved to address the need for compact and effective systems that remove sediment and other pollutants from stormwater runoff. Whilst a number of these systems have been the subject of several field monitoring and independent laboratory studies, differences between design methodologies, unit sizes and capacity, test protocols and site conditions in the field have made direct comparisons of results very difficult. Most studies to date have focused mainly on the pollutant removal efficiency (effectiveness) of these systems.

Though removal efficiency is a good indicator of a devices’ effectiveness in terms of separating pollutants from stormwater, particularly under low flow conditions, it does not provide a complete description of device efficacy especially in terms of its ability to retain previously captured pollutants under moderate or high flows. The phenomenon of ‘Washout’ defined as the tendency to re-suspend (re-entrain) and discharge previously captured pollutants is of particular importance in practice as stormwater treatment devices are typically maintained on an infrequent basis.

The paper describes results of work undertaken at Liverpool (JM) University to determine sediment retention performance of different stormwater treatment chamber configurations under controlled laboratory conditions that provides a true comparative assessment using identical testing protocols and methodologies. General conclusions drawn from the results include the observation that the phenomenon of “pollutants washout” from stormwater treatment chambers is very real and must be taken into account in system selection for practical application. The rate of stored pollutants washout was found to be extremely sensitive to chamber design with re-suspension and washout rates ranging from close to zero to close to 100 percent depending on device configuration, nature and type of flow modifying components and whether or not sediments are stored in isolated storage zones.

file icon A Novel High-Rate Modular Upflow Filtration System for Stormwater Treatmenthot! 05/16/2007
Authors
Robert Andoh, Robert Pitt and Lisa Glennon
Abstract
An advanced novel stormwater filtration system utilizing the upflow mode of filtration as opposed to the conventional down flow or radial flow filtration is described. The technology developed under the US EPA’s Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program, incorporates elements of a treatment train approach including screening, sedimentation and high-rate filtration in a compact modular device designed to treat different classifications of stormwater.

The effectiveness of the technology for high-rate treatment of stormwater has been proven through comprehensive full-scale testing under controlled conditions in the laboratory and under a range of actual storm conditions in the field at a site in Tuscaloosa, Alabama by researchers at the University of Alabama.

This paper describes the technology and work undertaken in its development, exhaustive characterization and the basis for the observed higher filtration rates, extended filter life and reduced media exhaustion and clogging compared with conventional down flow and radial flow filters. Filtration rates and treatment capacities for a range of media types tailored for site specific applications have been undertaken coupled with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to ascertain flow distribution, minimize short circuiting through the filter media and optimize performance.

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