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Stormwater Management

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file icon Pollutants retention in stormwater treatment chambershot! 08/24/2004
Authors
D.A. Phipps, R.M. Alkhaddar and M.G. Faram
Abstract
In recent years, various proprietary treatment technologies have evolved to reduce the polluting impact of urban run-off on receiving watercourses. The majority are ‘flow-through’ devices, designed to intercept and store pollutants in submerged chambers for later removal and safe disposal. Frequently, the performance of such systems is described solely in terms of ‘ability to remove pollutants from the inflow’, usually at specified discrete flowrates. However, it is suggested that this is insufficient to give a true assessment of performance and a critical parameter that is often overlooked is chamber ‘retention efficiency’, the ability of a chamber to retain stored pollutants once collected. In the current study, this parameter is investigated experimentally for a range of chamber configurations. Cylindrical chambers with different inlet orientations, internal components and hence flow dynamics are considered. The study identifies retention efficiency as being a major differentiator between designs, and concludes that chambers in which captured pollutants are stored in regions that are hydraulically isolated from the main treatment area are likely to be the most effective in practice.
file icon A Novel High-Rate Modular Upflow Filtration System for Stormwater Treatmenthot! 05/16/2007
Authors
Robert Andoh, Robert Pitt and Lisa Glennon
Abstract
An advanced novel stormwater filtration system utilizing the upflow mode of filtration as opposed to the conventional down flow or radial flow filtration is described. The technology developed under the US EPA’s Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program, incorporates elements of a treatment train approach including screening, sedimentation and high-rate filtration in a compact modular device designed to treat different classifications of stormwater.

The effectiveness of the technology for high-rate treatment of stormwater has been proven through comprehensive full-scale testing under controlled conditions in the laboratory and under a range of actual storm conditions in the field at a site in Tuscaloosa, Alabama by researchers at the University of Alabama.

This paper describes the technology and work undertaken in its development, exhaustive characterization and the basis for the observed higher filtration rates, extended filter life and reduced media exhaustion and clogging compared with conventional down flow and radial flow filters. Filtration rates and treatment capacities for a range of media types tailored for site specific applications have been undertaken coupled with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to ascertain flow distribution, minimize short circuiting through the filter media and optimize performance.

file icon VERIFICATION OF THE UP-FLOhot! 07/26/2006
Authors
Lisa Glennon, Robert Andoh, Uday Khambhammettu, Robert Pitt, and Shirley Clark
Abstract
Drainage areas such as parking lots, vehicle fueling and maintenance stations, and public works storage areas have been dubbed critical source areas due to the observation that runoff from these areas may contain high pollutant loadings of varying pollutant classifications, including trash and other debris, coarse and fine sediment, hydrocarbons, toxic trace metals, nutrients, pathogens, and/or other toxicants. Typically, various types of treatment are needed to target the different classifications of pollutants for effective stormwater treatment. The Up-Flo™ Filter, a new stormwater treatment technology developed under the EPA’s SBIR program, has been designed to treat different classifications of stormwater pollutants by incorporating multiple elements of a treatment train into a single device. The Up-Flo™ Filter with CPZ Mix™ media has undergone a full-scale field evaluation at a site near the City Hall in Tuscaloosa, AL.
This paper presents results of a comprehensive characterization and performance verification of a full-scale Up-Flo™ Filter unit tested under controlled laboratory conditions at Hydro International’s facility in Portland, ME, and compares the results to the field data collected by the University of Alabama. Further verification work is currently underway at the Pennsylvania State Univeristy in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
The Up-Flo™ Filter with CPZ Mix™ media is shown to be a high-rate filtration device with a relatively high filtration rate per unit surface area of the filtration media. The Up-Flo™ Filter is also capable of TSS removal down to 0.45 – 3 μm range.
file icon A Holistic hard and soft SUDS system used in the creation of a Sustainable Urban Village Communityhot! 03/16/2008
Author
A.G.Stephenson

Abstract

The problems surrounding how we deal with stormwater run-off and issues such as drought, flooding and water pollution have been well publicised in recent years fuelled, to great extent, by the growing consciousness of climate change. The summer floods of 2007 throughout the UK also led to the publication of several reports such as Sir Michael Pitt’s Interim Review and the more recent Flooding report from the House of Commons Environment Food and Rural Affairs Committee. DEFRA have also published Future Water, the Government’s water strategy for England and all of these documents have heightened awareness of the benefits of sustainable drainage and the contribution that can be made to reduction of flood risk. There are many methods available and approaches in the SUDS ‘toolbox’ but all too often designers are restricted to ‘soft’ or natural options or what have become known as traditional SUDS, failing to consider some of the innovative proprietary solutions that have been used for many years which have provided very robust, cost effective and reliable answers. This paper will use an interesting case study to demonstrate how these systems have been used in conjunction with traditional SUDS options resulting in a complimentary, holistic solution helping create a whole sustainable community.
file icon Storm Water Best Management Practices into the Existing Urban Landscapehot! 05/16/2008

Authors: Ed Loffill, David Phipps, Rafid Alkhaddar, Robert Andoh and Mike Faram

Abstract: The operation of an ‘advanced’ hydrodynamic vortex separator (AVS) designed for stormwater sediment interception has been examined using particle capture and retention efficiency testing and dye tracer testing. For retention efficiency in particular (referring to the efficiency with which a chamber retains pollutants following capture) the results are compared with those for other configurations, including simple vortex and gravity separation devices. The results show how the collection and retention efficiencies of the AVS are enhanced through the presence of a quiescent zone in the base where solids are stored. A simple model of system operation is considered, based on the surface loading rate of the active region and the particle sedimentation velocity. It is concluded that a comprehensive model of system performance needs to take into account a variety of factors, including the detailed characteristics of the sediment material and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the specific separation device in question.

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